Annotations for Subject-headings: Plebiscite

I am Maria Hinojosa on the 4th of July at the Spanish Colonial Governor's Palace in San Juan, Puerto Rico's pro-statehood governor Pedro Rosello, signed a bill which calls for a plebiscite to be held this November to decide Puerto Rico's political future. With us on the phone from San Juan to talk about what this latest step means for Puerto Rico is political analyst Juan Manuel Garcia Passalacqua. It seems that the Puerto Rican people are forever voting on or debating or talking about whether they want to be a state, remain a commonwealth, or be granted their independence. Now, is there anything different about the process that began with Pedro Rosello, the governor's, latest effort?

Number one, it's the first time ever that a prospective government controls the executive, both chambers of the legislature with an ample majority, and 60 of the 78 municipalities in the island. In other words, this is the first time again, since 1898 in which statehood is obviously the possible winner of a plebiscite in Puerto Rico. The second thing is that after Congress failed to implement a US oriented plebiscite, which died in the Senate two years ago, the United States has to get its act together to respond to what unilaterally, the people of Puerto Rico are going to say on the 14th of November of this year. I have said in my column in the Miami Herald that this is the moment in which finally the resistible force meets the movable object.

So what happens with the US Congress when they get the decision on November 14th of what the Puerto Rican people decide? What role does the US Congress have to play this time?

What's happening at this point is that Congressman Jose Serrano, a Puerto Rican from New York has introduced a resolution that will be discussed in the House Interior Committee that in effect, does two things. Number one, recognizes the right of the people of Puerto Rico to self-determination, and number two, commits the Congress to respond to the expression of the will of the people of Puerto Rico. So that the people of Puerto Rico will next year, know exactly what the reaction of the Congress has been to whatever wins in November of this Year.

Now, Juan Manuel, the fact is that Puerto Rico has been struggling with this issue for many years. [Interruption, “Absolutely”] It's an island where we've had Spanish declared the official language at times. Other times English has been taught forcibly in the schools.

That's right.

Can Puerto Rico in fact become the 51st state of the United States, and how does that look in the future?

Well, the state of movement itself, Maria has announced that only one senator, Senator Paul Simon of Illinois, has already committed himself to submit enabling legislation if statehood is voted on by the people. On the other hand, my own pulse of the Senate indicates that 29 senators will oppose the granting of stated offhand and from the very beginning. So here we have a very lopsided thing. I mean, we already have 29 names that will oppose statehood, only one that will favor it. But I think that the issue is not really whether the statehood will be granted or not. The issue is that the things will be forced to speak, that the Senate will, in effect, respond and take a position on the admission of Puerto Rico as a state of the Union.

Pues muchas gracias Juan Manuel Garcia Passalacqua, a columnist for the Miami Herald and a political commentator in Puerto Rico. Muchas gracias, Juanma.

[Guitar music, transition] I'm Maria Hinojosa. 75,000 people descended on the nation's capital on a train August Saturday to commemorate a historic civil rights march, which took place on another hot August day 30 years ago.

[Archival sound] Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and all hill of Mississippi.

Although some things have changed for the better in the three decades since Dr. King articulated his vision for equality and justice, this year's march found many people, including many Latinos, seeking to improve their situation in this country. Latino USA's Patricia Guadalupe was at the march and filed this report.

When Martin Luther King Jr. stood on these steps 30 years ago today, he challenged people of goodwill across our nation to rise up and live out the true meaning of his creed.

Coretta Scott King, widow of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., addressed a much smaller crowd in that which heard her husband 30 years ago. She spoke of the same things he did, the need for more jobs and into prejudice and a more peaceful world. Many at the recent march acknowledged that progress had been made in those areas, but they said much remains to be done, especially in improving the lives of Latinos. Carmen Gonzalez of New York City said she came to the march to fight for more jobs.

Things are not going too well for many people. There are too many unemployed. They're not jobs. There's nothing out there really. There's a lot of college grads who are looking for jobs. They can't find anything.

Do you think that this march is going to change things?

We're trying. We're trying to enforce something by being united. We're trying to see, we're trying to foresee if the President will do something for us.

According to the Joint Center for Political Studies in Washington, living conditions have gotten worse for Hispanics in the last 30 years. Since 1963, there has been a 10% increase in Hispanic poverty levels, particularly in urban areas where figures show 60% unemployment among Hispanics.

Almost 10% more Hispanics and Asians live in poverty today than did in 1963. More poor whites drop out before high school graduations.

Young people were strong presence at the march, and while most of them marched for the same things as their older counterparts, a young Latina from Rhode Island took it one step further. Ana Rodriguez said she came to make a statement about Puerto Rico.

Since the plebiscite is going on in Puerto Rico now and they're going to decide the statehood of Commonwealth. And Puerto Rico has been oppressed for 500 years, first by the Spaniards and now by the Americans and everybody else. And the Puerto Ricans here in the United States see the worst part of it.

[Natural sounds of march] Even though a majority of the marchers declared that little has changed in the 30 years since the first march, there was a feeling of optimism for the future in the air. Henry Cisneros, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, said his optimism comes from faith that this administration will help out those who have been in need for so long.

For children who grow up in a development where they have no prospects or jobs or hope, for young people who get drawn to the only life around them which is drugs, you could only say that things were worse. But what we have to do is capture the momentum of what is possible and luckily, we have a president. We have an administration that is willing to go out on a limb and I think today is an important reminder of the job ahead.

Most Latinos at the march were as hopeful for the future as Secretary Cisneros, but some expressed disappointment that President Clinton was not there and that Latino participation in the march was relatively small. For Latino USA, I'm Patricia Guadalupe in Washington.

There are an estimated 2.6 million Puerto Ricans living on the US mainland, nearly as many as those who live on the island. And in the first week of October, many of those mainlanders will be voting in an unofficial plebiscite to decide the future status of Puerto Rico. Whether to become a state, stay a commonwealth, or become independent. Mandalit del Barco reports on the issue from New York and San Juan.

In New York City, television ads have begun to publicize the upcoming plebiscite for the status of Puerto Rico.

Participa. Vota. El siete, ocho y nueve de octubre. Consulta plebicitaria 93. Es tu derecho. Es tu responsabilidad.

On October 7th, 8th and 9th, New Yorkers born on the island and their voting-age children will have a chance to voice their opinions on the future of their homeland. While island officials decided against allowing mainland voters from participating in the Puerto Rican plebiscite in November, Latino political leaders in New York insist that US Puerto Ricans register their votes. Both plebiscites are non-binding and the US Congress will ultimately decide Puerto Rico's status. New York City Council Member Victor Robles is among many defending the right of onboarding Queños to vote.

I was born in Puerto Rico. When I die, whether it's New York City or Puerto Rico, I will die as a Puertorriqueño. And that's the point. And I think this election should be focusing solely on allowing the will of the people. Let the people in Puerto Rico have their elections. I haven't said they shouldn't have it, but we here in New York, like throughout the states where there's a large concentration of Puerto Ricans, do have the right to also express how we feel.

Councilman Robles and other New York Puerto Ricans say their voices will convey enormous weight on the Congress's decision. But on the island itself, there is much resistance to the idea. At the Plaza de Armas in Old San Juan, Jesus Quinoñes, says Puerto Ricans who left the island have no right to say what should happen.

No debería tener ningún dirigencia. Son puertorriqueño nostotros puertorriqueño pero realmente ellos no aportan nada bienestar de todos los puertorriqueños. O sea, no deben opinar.

Quinoñes says those who left the country shouldn't be able to give an opinion on the future of the island. But Aura Rosa Santiago, a retired journalist who lives in Arecibo, disagrees.

Bueno, sí yo creo que sí que lo puertorriqueños somos puertorriqeuños donde quiera que estemos. Sentimos por Puerto Rico. No dejamos de ser puertorriqeuño.

While some Puerto Ricans left for a better life, she says, they still have Puerto Rico in their hearts. Santiago says she would like Puerto Rico to be independent since that's the right of every people. But she fears being cut off completely from the United States will hurt the people on the island.

Otra cosa. El estado [unintelligible 0:19:30] el nombre de [unintelligble 0:19:31]. Estuvo una colonia aquí.

Sí, había una colonia.

Debates about the status of Puerto Rico are raging throughout the island, from government buildings to local bars. A group of men drinking beer outside Juniors Cafe on Calle Sebastian in San Juan talked about the pros and cons of the plebiscite, both in Puerto Rico and New York.

Look, I'm going to tell you the truth. The only people that can talk about Puerto Rico now are the people that are living here in Puerto Rico. Because he left Puerto Rico 10, 12, maybe 20 years ago, you don't know what are the problems that Puerto Rico having now? You know what everybody talks. You know what everybody let him know. You read the newspaper there.

They're not living, not the problems that we're living right now.

The problems we are living right now. That's exactly.

Jose Santiago isn't sure what he'll be voting in November. He's heard that if Puerto Rico becomes a state, many companies will leave the island because they'll have to pay workers minimum wage. He says whatever Puerto Ricans vote, the exercise is futile.

It don't mean that if the vote here says, "Yeah, statehood." No, it don't mean that. Congress and Washington DC is going to decide. The senators, the representatives, they're going to say, "Okay, we'll set Puerto Rico as a state." Otherwise their decision, our vote here don't mean nothing.

Leading archeologist, Dr. Ricardo Alegría is vocally opposed to the plebiscite, saying an international body and not Congress should decide Puerto Rico's fate. Alegría says a vote for Puerto Rico to become a state would spell disaster.

The statehood will be the end of our nationality, the end of our culture. The people who defend statehood in Puerto Rico, the government at this moment, they don't want the Puerto Ricans who live in the United States to vote in the plebiscite. And I think that they realize that the Puerto Ricans there know better than the Puerto Ricans here, what is statehood. And that's why they are afraid that they will vote against statehood because they have suffered prejudice and they know that although they vote for the president and they vote for congressmen, they don't receive the benefits that the defender of statehood here claim that we are going to receive as soon as Puerto Rico became a state of the union.

They tried to sell statehood here by putting some ads in television with packs of dollars and expressing how much money we are going to receive under statehood and that the poverty will disappear in Puerto Rico. And I have seen poverty in New York, even worse poverty than the one that we have in Puerto Rico, but for many Puerto Ricans who have never been in the States, they still have the whole idea of the United States with a lot of money. And because of that, maybe they will vote in favor of statehood.

Dr Alegría says he favors independence of the island, but he's a realist. He says most Puerto Ricans have been frightened away from voting for total autonomy through what he calls a government's campaign of fear, equating independence with an end to veterans benefits, food stamps and other aid. There are some in Puerto Rico who say the plebiscite is a waste of money, that the government would be better off spending its energy on social problems, preventing crime and AIDS.

(singing) Entre regas se encuentre el patriota. Con el arma rota de tanto dolor. Su delito es querer revivir a su patria querida.

Jose Rodriguez scrapes by with pocket change he earns by singing in the streets. He doesn't have a job and he's been living with AIDS for 10 years. He says the government never helped him, why should he bother voting in the plebiscite? Still like many Puerto Ricans, he has strong patriotic feelings. Jose Santiago cast his vote for Puerto Rico, not in the voting booth, but by singing in the streets of Viejo San Juan. [José continues singing] For Latino USA, I'm Mandalit del Barco in New York.

Puerto Ricans in New York City are going to the polls to voice their opinions on the political future of the island, now, a US commonwealth. Mandalit del Barco has more.

Like Puerto Ricans on the island, New Yorkers born in Puerto Rico, or whose parents were, are voting on whether Puerto Rico should become a state, remain a commonwealth, or choose independence. Both elections are non-binding on Congress, who will ultimately decide Puerto Rico's fate. Manny Mirabal, who heads New York City's coalition Pro Puerto Rican Participation says the outcome of the New York vote could greatly influence Congress' decision. "Depending on the outcome," he says, "Congress might be coaxed into declaring an official plebiscite."

One of the reasons we're holding this process is to ensure that there will be, to show the Congress that not only our brothers and sisters in Puerto Rico are concerned about this issue and want it resolved once or for all, but also people who actually vote and elect the Congress of the United States. 143 Congresspeople whose electoral districts have significant Puerto Rican populations, I think will get a message that they better start dealing with it.

Officially, the New York York vote has no direct connection with Puerto Rico's plebiscite in November, but New York Puerto Ricans say they too should have a voice on the future of their homeland. For Latino USA, I'm Mandalit del Barco in New York.

I'm Maria Hinojosa. Nuyoricans, those who were born in Puerto Rico or whose parents were, went to the polls recently to cast their ballots in an unofficial plebiscite on the island's political status. Just as Puerto Ricans on the island will be doing in November. Nuyoricans voted on whether the island should be a state, gain independence or remain a US commonwealth. Mandalit del Barco was at several voting sites in New York City. She prepared this report.

With a little more than a third of the ballots counted, the majority of Nuyoricans, 59% voted for Puerto Rico to remain a commonwealth. 37% hope for Puerto Rico to become a state and only 4% want the island to be independent. At polling sites around the city, New York Puerto Ricans cast their ballots enthusiastically for the future of their choice.

Arriba Puerto Rico! Arriba! Que se quede como esta.

Viva Puerto Rico!

Que viva Puerto Rico. [Laughter]

Organizers of New York's Plebiscite were pleased with the turnout. It seems nearly 32,000 Puerto Rican New Yorkers were eager to have their voices heard.

Well, I decided to vote because I'm a Puerto Rican and I love my island and I think that the way it is, it's beautiful the way it is.

I feel good to vote for my country because we have to do something about it. I'm very proud of our people and to stay over here in New York and come and go- you know, like we used to do.

There's some people in Puerto Rico who say that the people in New York shouldn't be voting.

I disagree with them, a 100%. Because I was born there and I feel for both countries. So it is something that I just feel good about.

I'm voting for Puerto Rico. That's my country, that's my island. I need to vote, not just for me, for all the Puerto Rican. Tu naciste en Puerto Rico.

Yo nací en Puerto Rico, en Lares.

En Lares, pues tu eres Puerto Riqueño. Ok, fílmame aquí...

Showing their birth certificates and other ID, the New York voters proved they could participate in what's called a parallel plebiscite. Over the next few weeks, Puerto Ricans in Orlando, Florida, Springfield, Massachusetts and Chicago will be holding similar votes. Puerto Ricans living on the island will be voting for their future on November 14th. The plebiscites are non-binding on Congress, who will ultimately decide Puerto Rico's future. Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer says the higher than expected turnout in New York was a testament to the strong patriotic feelings of Puerto Ricans no matter where they live.

The thousands of people who presented themselves at the polling places to vote with crumbled up birth certificates that they had to search for, made an extraordinary effort to be voters. And this is historic. This vote has an unmistakable moral and political weight that will be felt far beyond the borders of New York City.

Ferrer is getting the New York election off the ground was almost a miracle. He was astounded by the number of obstacles in putting on the no budget vote, which was staffed by volunteers. Manny Mirabal who heads New York City's coalition Pro-Puerto Rican participation talked about some of those obstacles.

We were attacked by the leaders in Puerto Rico as having ulterior motives for the vote. We've been attacked from members of our own Puerto Rican community here for having political reasons for holding the vote. The bottom line is that we were not holding this vote so that when it was all over we could carry the banner of Ella and say, "That's what we want." We're not going to do that. If statehood should win, we're not planning on carrying the banner for statehood. What we are planning on carrying the banner for is that 30,000 plus people, came to the polls, cast their ballot, and they all said the one thing and they all said that together, "We want to be part of this process."

Congress knows that there is an election taking place on November 14th in Puerto Rico. Yet, officially or unofficially, they have sent out any signal that they're recognizing that election in Puerto Rico in any way.[Background, urban life]

City Councilman Jose Rivera and the organizers of the New York plebiscite say the outcome of the stateside votes could greatly influence Congress' decision. If the majority of mainland voters choose the same option as those on the island, they say Congress might be coaxed into declaring an official plebiscite.

By us participating in the mainland United States, we're able to vote for those who want to be members of Congress. We can also vote against those who wants to be member of Congress if they choose not to listen to us. So that's the difference. We have the power of electing and rejecting Congress person and that is the language that these people understand.

Final results of the New York vote won't be known for several weeks. For Latino USA, Mandalit del Barco in New York.

[Background--Music--Salsa] Ever since 1898, when the island of Puerto Rico first became a US territory, Puerto Ricans have debated their relationship to the United States. 40 years after becoming a US commonwealth in 1952, the debate still continues with some Puerto Ricans favoring the status quo, others advocating the island become the nation's 51st state, and still others calling for Puerto Rico's independence. During his electoral campaign, Puerto Rico's governor Pedro Rosello promised to try to put an end to the eternal debate over status by calling for a plebiscite. That vote on November 14th may not be the last word on Puerto Rico's status, but Puerto Ricans are hoping it will force the US Congress to act. Latino USA's Maria Martin is in San Juan to report on the plebiscite.

[Highlight--Natural sounds--broadcast media]

For months now, Puerto Ricans on the island have been bombarded with messages on the radio, the television, and from loud speakers on trucks cruising their neighborhoods, telling them Si se puede con estadidad, Statehood is the way to go, say the ads. But others tell them no, that ELA or enhanced Commonwealth is the better option. It's the best of both worlds, say proponents, allowing them to retain their language and culture, while other messages talk about the merits of independence for Puerto Rico.

[Archival sound--radio production] Caravanas del Estado Boricua siguen con mas fuerza. Este Sabado desde Guayama, Naguabo, Calle y Aguas Buenas hasta el gran mitiga y el Domingo….

This is not the first plebiscite in which Puerto Ricans vote to decide the island's political status. The last vote was held in 1967 and that vote, like this one is non-binding because it's still the US Congress that has the final word on the political future of Puerto Rico. Two years ago, a bill calling for a congressionally-approved vote failed to get through a Senate committee, and what's significant about this election says political analyst Juan Manuel Garcia Passalacqua, is that this vote is actually a petition to Congress by the Puerto Rican people, made under the Right to Petition clause of the First Amendment of the US Constitution.

This is the first time in the history of Puerto Rico that the three parties approved a law that was adopted as a petition for the redress of grievances against the Congress of the United States. That's the first sentence in that particular law. So, here we are. This is the first time after 1898 that the people of Puerto Rico have told the United States we have a grievance, and that grievance obviously is colonialism.

Whatever the results of the plebiscite, whether there's a majority vote in favor of statehood, commonwealth status, or independence as says Passalacqua, all the legal precedents indicate that Congress will finally have to respond to the will of the Puerto Rican people.

If the United States of America respects its own constitutional traditions, the Congress of the United States has to respond to a right to petition for the redress of grievances. This is a right that the courts of the United States have recognized to a single citizen. These are going to be two million citizens, so Congress cannot be irresponsible in the execution of a response to a million and a half of Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico.

[Natural sounds--mall ambience] Yo no se, pero… He speak better, he speak better English than I. But I prefer to be a state.

Yo preferia esta vida

Y porque?

Porque si, porque veo que, que Puerto Rica se hasta ahora estamos….

At the San Juan shopping Mall called La Plaza des Las Americas, several middle-aged Cubans, part of Puerto Rico's substantial Cuban community for some 30 years now, say they support and will be voting for statehood. Support for statehood for Puerto Rico has been growing steadily on the island. Ever since Puerto Rico gained commonwealth status some 40 years ago. Statehood proponents like former representative Benny Frankie Cerezo say that's because many of the island's residents are tired of being second-class citizens, for instance, of having obligations like serving in the military but not being able to vote in presidential elections.

The problem in Puerto Rico is that the legislation is made in such a way that Puerto Ricans, but not Puerto Ricans per se, the people, the US citizens living on the island of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised. George Bush, President Clinton would move down to Puerto Rico. Next day, they would be disenfranchised because they could not vote for representatives in Congress for senators in Congress, nor for the President. But still you will be subject to all the laws enacted by Congress. Precisely, that's what's called colonialism.

The more we discuss statehood, the faster statehood loses percentage because the moment you start discussing statehood, you discuss the cost of statehood. It's not…

Senator Marco Antonio Rigau of the popular Democratic Party is the proponent of what in Spanish is known as Estado Libre Asociado an enhanced commonwealth state in which Puerto Rico would have much more equality with the United States and more control of its political destiny. Proponents of this option are trying to convince the Puerto Rican people that the prize the island would have to pay to become the 51st state, including possible laws of the official status of the Spanish language and of the island's beloved Olympic team, and the tax break for US companies known as 936 far outweighs any potential benefits of statehood.

I'm telling you, if Puerto Rico becomes a state, you will have to pay federal taxes. If Puerto Rico becomes a state, we will not have an Olympic committee. We will not have a team in the Olympics or in the Central American Games or the Pan-American games. We're telling the people that if Puerto Rico moves for statehood, the state of Puerto Rico could not impose the same income tax because it would be too steep. We tell the people of Puerto Rico, one out of three jobs in Puerto Rico is related to 936. If Puerto Rico becomes a state, 936 is not possible because the federal constitution provides for uniformity in the tax system of all 50 states. So, we're telling the people the consequences of statehood and the people are... What they're saying is stop, look and listen.

Te estan diciendo que en Estados Unidos se paga mas tax que aqui porque entonces un televisor Sony de 27 pulgadas que haya cuesta $599, aqui cuesta $859.

But there are those who say the campaign being waged by the two principle parties, the pro commonwealth Populares and the pro state-hood Nuevo Progresistas doesn't really do the job of telling people to stop, look and listen. [Background--natural sounds--broadcast media] Critics say this plebiscite campaign is misinforming people on the issues, creating confusion and a climate of fear. Former governor Roberto Sanchez Vilella calls the plebiscite a useless procedure that would have no real consequences.

Waste of money, waste of energy, psychological energy, telling the people something which is entirely false. Nothing is going to happen after this. So this is really... I don't want to use harsh words, but it's a fraud.

Former Governor Sanchez Vilella has even gone to court to obtain legal standing for his so-called fourth option, a legal counting of votes left blank or marked with an X to protest the plebiscite.

Well, let me tell you without being glib that I don't see any more confusion than I saw in the campaign between Bush and Clinton. This notion that --

Fernando Martinez, a former member of the Puerto Rican Senate and the vice president of the Puerto Rican Independence Party. The so-called Independentistas are enthusiastically supporting the plebiscite even though polls say they'll be lucky to get even 5% of the vote. But what's making Martin and other independent supporters so eager is a scenario whereby neither statehood nor Commonwealth would win a majority, leaving Congress to look at independence for Puerto Rico in a more favorable light.

The results of this plebiscite will allow the Congress once and for all to refuse statehood because it will not have obtained majority support in Puerto Rico. The results will also show that colonialism is no longer a viable option either for the Congress or for Puerto Rico, leaving only the eventual recognition of sovereignty for Puerto Rico as the only alternative both for the United States and for Puerto Rico.

[Background--natural sounds--city ambience] It's five days before the vote and hundreds of people are gathered outside the studios of San Juan's Telemundo television affiliate. Inside the studios, representatives of Puerto Rico's three principal parties prepare for the last debate of the campaign, but for now, the debate out here appears to be over what group can wave the larger number of flags or who has the loudest sound system.

[Highlight--natural sounds--city ambience]

Elections here in Puerto Rico are very participatory. It's not unusual to have upwards of 70% turnout of registered voters. Reporter Ivan Roman of the Miami Newspaper El Nuevo Herald, a native Puerto Rican, says there's nothing in US elections to compare to the energy and enthusiasm of the Puerto Rican electorate.

You have caravans going all over the island, you have people who don't care if they dress up in clown outfits to get their point across. Everything has to do with the emotional part of getting out the vote. And this race, even more so than some others, is even more of emotional because for some people we're talking about their culture, their identity, that to them is the most important thing, and for them, that's a very emotional issue.

The latest polls conducted by the newspaper El Nuevo Dia, four days before the election indicate a virtual tie in support for the statehood and commonwealth options among the voters of Puerto Rico.

No me cogen con los totones [Laughter] [inaudible] [Highlight--natural sound--resturant ambience]

At Chino's Cafe in Old San Juan, Maria Torres says she still hasn't made up her mind which way to vote.

[Inaudible] No se todavia. Estoy confundida.

Pero que te ha confundidio?

Bueno, todas las cosas estan disciendo los anuncios todo todo ahi confusion.

[Background--natural sound--restaurant ambience] There's just too much confusion, she says, it's hard to decide just what I'll vote for. And analysts say it'll be the substantial number of still undecided Puerto Ricans like Maria Torres who determine the political option on which the US Congress is being asked to take action. For Latino USA, I'm Maria Martin in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

For the first time in 26 years, the people of Puerto Rico went to the polls to express their preference on the island's political destiny and in a very close vote, Puerto Ricans chose to retain their current commonwealth status over becoming the nation's 51st state, or an independent republic. Latino USA's Maria Martin was in Puerto Rico for the November 14th vote. She filed this report.

[Inaudible] Con el secretario general del Partido Nuevo Progresistsa y el director de campañas de la estabilidad en este plebiscito. Siguen…

As the polls closed on election Sunday and the returns came in from throughout the island of Puerto Rico, two things became clear. The vote between the options of Commonwealth and Statehood was going to be close, and the small percentage of votes for independence would take support away from both other options. In the final tally, none received a majority, but the Commonwealth option with almost 49% of the vote beat out statehood by close to three percentage points. [Background—natural sounds—car horns] Jubilant Commonwealth supporters took to the streets on election night on their way to an outdoor victory party outside the headquarters of the Pro Commonwealth Party. [Background—natural sounds—celebration] In the narrow streets of Ol' San Juan, entire families from young kids to senior citizens danced and celebrated. Doña Rosá brought her family to the celebration from the town of Rio Grande.

Yo creciba bajo el Estado Libre Asociado, naci, me creci y aqui estoy. [English dub]

I believe in the Commonwealth. I grew up under the Commonwealth, and me and my family have lived well under it. So why go changing something if we're doing well under the free-associated state, the Commonwealth. Right now I have a house. I don't pay property taxes. In the United States, I would probably pay $200 a month.

Si vivieron en el Estado tengo que pagar $200 cada mes, por eso.

So I ask, you based your decision on economics?

¿Entonces diria usted que esta decision fue mas que nada una decision economica? [Spanish]

No. No. Mas bien para mi es nuestro orgullo ser Puertorriqueño y defendamos la patria… [English dub]

No. For me, it was a question of pride. Of being Puerto Rican. Of defending the motherland, which is not for sale.

That same desire to keep a US connection, without giving up culture and language is echoed by Luis Davila of the Commonwealth Party.

As a Texan is proud of Texas, as a person of Oklahoma is proud of Oklahoma, as a person is proud of Mississippi, we are proud to be Puerto Rican and we are proud to be American citizens.

[inaudible] Puerto Rico por estar aqui, presente. ¡Que viva la Estadidad! ¡Arriba!

Outside the headquarters of the rival, Partido Nuevo Progresista, the pro statehood party. Disappointed statehood supporters tried to put the best face on their defeat.

Poquito triste porque no esperabamos eso, pero… [English dub]

We are a little sad because we did not expect this, but we just have to keep trying.

[Highlight—natural sound—crowd]

Puerto Rican Governor Pedro Roselló looked visibly strained as he worked his way through an adoring crowd for a concession speech. Roselló said statehood supporters would continue to fight to make Puerto Rico this country's 51st state.

Hemos dado un paso gigante en ese camino… [English dub]

With this vote, we have taken a giant step forward…

Tengan fe…

And you have to keep the faith

Mantengan su Esperanza…

You have to have hope…

Porque hay un Dios…

Because there is a God

Que sabe lo que bueno para Puerto Rico.

Who knows what is best for Puerto Rico.

[Highlight—natural sounds—Senate halls] In the marble halls of the Puerto Rican Senate where press from around the world gathered as the official returns came in, political analysts were not as optimistic as the governor over the meaning of this vote for the future of statehood for Puerto Rico.

Statehood has died on its tracks. The statehood has been growing in Puerto Rico since 1952 at a pace that came from 12% to 49% in the last elections.

Juan Garcia Passalacqua is the commentator for radio and television in San Juan.

I, in all honesty, believe that statehood is dead, that the United States of America will take this opportunity to get Puerto Rico out of the territorial clause. As soon as Puerto Rico is outside the territorial clause, no one can ask for statehood anymore.

For Dr. Aida Montilla, another well-known Puerto Rican political analyst, the significance of the vote was that, in effect, the tiny Independence Party had prevented both statehood and ELA or the Commonwealth from gaining a majority.

And the independence movement had, as a purpose, to prevent an absolute majority, and it was only a plurality of all that's diminishes the power to negotiate. In that case, independence won.

This was just the result members of the Partido Independentista, the Pro-Independence Party, had hoped for. Manuel Rodriguez Orrellana, that party's electoral commissioner, viewed the election results in this way:

It is a message of national affirmation of our distinct identity as a Latin American nation of the Caribbean. And it is also a repudiation of a colonial system that has kept us under a system of economic dependency that is increasing every year more and more, and putting a greater burden on the American taxpayer to keep an artificial economy afloat in Puerto Rico.

The vote on Puerto Rico's political status was framed as a non-binding petition to Congress, but just how the Congress will read the results of the vote is not yet clear. Does it mean, for instance, that the people of Puerto Rico are happy with the status quo and therefore Congress can relegate Puerto Rico to its back burner? Carlos Romero Barcelo, Puerto Rico's representative in Congress and a proponent of statehood doesn't think so.

They cannot view it in any other way other than admitting and accepting that the people of Puerto Rico have rejected the colony, have rejected a status where we have no right to vote or no right to representation, or where we have no independence. We cannot remain as a colony and the US government nation will have to deal with that fact.

The leaders of the Commonwealth Party promised the people of Puerto Rico that if they won, they would ask Congress for a better deal for the island, including making Puerto Ricans eligible to receive more federal benefits like supplemental Social Security income or SSI. But with a statehood governor in power, and a statehood proponent representing Puerto Rico in Congress, and all three parties claiming some kind of victory as a result of this plebiscite, this may not be an easy task. For Latino USA, I'm Maria Martin reporting.